feat: Add standard:8.0 image based on Ubuntu 24.04

[dylanmtaylor]

Issue #, if available:
#717

Description of changes:
This copies standard:7.0 to standard:8.0 with the only change being the modification of the base image to Ubuntu 24.04

By submitting this pull request, I confirm that you can use, modify, copy, and redistribute this contribution, under the terms of your choice.

[sdenardi]

Any word on if/when we can expect this to land in CodeBuild?

[dylanmtaylor]

It looks like @hanfangluo might be in charge of these images. If not, maybe he knows who can answer that.

[hanfangluo]

Hi, we may land it in the future, but we don't have a set timeline for this yet.

[sdenardi]

Thanks @hanfangluo.

Assuming CodeBuild will continue supporting Ubuntu (and thus LTS releases), I'll check back in late next month (based on the fact that the first commit for Ubuntu LTS 22 was April 2023).