diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs
index cf32d558d4a51..4d20ed841d47c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs
@@ -987,7 +987,7 @@ fn link_natively<'a, B: ArchiveBuilder<'a>>(
 
         // On MSVC packed debug information is produced by the linker itself so
         // there's no need to do anything else here.
-        SplitDebuginfo::Packed if sess.target.is_like_msvc => {}
+        SplitDebuginfo::Packed if sess.target.is_like_windows => {}
 
         // ... and otherwise we're processing a `*.dwp` packed dwarf file.
         //
diff --git a/config.toml.example b/config.toml.example
index 6e53d9b442f16..dd886879b145d 100644
--- a/config.toml.example
+++ b/config.toml.example
@@ -473,13 +473,23 @@ changelog-seen = 2
 # FIXME(#61117): Some tests fail when this option is enabled.
 #debuginfo-level-tests = 0
 
-# Whether to run `dsymutil` on Apple platforms to gather debug info into .dSYM
-# bundles. `dsymutil` adds time to builds for no clear benefit, and also makes
-# it more difficult for debuggers to find debug info. The compiler currently
-# defaults to running `dsymutil` to preserve its historical default, but when
-# compiling the compiler itself, we skip it by default since we know it's safe
-# to do so in that case.
-#run-dsymutil = false
+# Should rustc be build with split debuginfo? Default is platform dependent.
+# Valid values are the same as those accepted by `-C split-debuginfo`
+# (`off`/`unpacked`/`packed`).
+#
+# On Linux, split debuginfo is disabled by default.
+#
+# On Apple platforms, unpacked split debuginfo is used by default. Unpacked
+# debuginfo does not run `dsymutil`, which packages debuginfo from disparate
+# object files into a single `.dSYM` file. `dsymutil` adds time to builds for
+# no clear benefit, and also makes it more difficult for debuggers to find
+# debug info. The compiler currently defaults to running `dsymutil` to preserve
+# its historical default, but when compiling the compiler itself, we skip it by
+# default since we know it's safe to do so in that case.
+#
+# On Windows platforms, packed debuginfo is the only supported option,
+# producing a `.pdb` file.
+#split-debuginfo = if linux { off } else if windows { packed } else if apple { unpacked }
 
 # Whether or not `panic!`s generate backtraces (RUST_BACKTRACE)
 #backtrace = true
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/builder.rs b/src/bootstrap/builder.rs
index 0276d15a5b472..8c68f14072772 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/builder.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/builder.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 use crate::cache::{Cache, Interned, INTERNER};
 use crate::check;
 use crate::compile;
-use crate::config::TargetSelection;
+use crate::config::{SplitDebuginfo, TargetSelection};
 use crate::dist;
 use crate::doc;
 use crate::flags::{Color, Subcommand};
@@ -1365,17 +1365,17 @@ impl<'a> Builder<'a> {
             },
         );
 
-        // `dsymutil` adds time to builds on Apple platforms for no clear benefit, and also makes
-        // it more difficult for debuggers to find debug info. The compiler currently defaults to
-        // running `dsymutil` to preserve its historical default, but when compiling the compiler
-        // itself, we skip it by default since we know it's safe to do so in that case.
-        // See https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/79361 for more info on this flag.
-        if target.contains("apple") {
-            if self.config.rust_run_dsymutil {
-                rustflags.arg("-Csplit-debuginfo=packed");
-            } else {
-                rustflags.arg("-Csplit-debuginfo=unpacked");
+        // FIXME(davidtwco): #[cfg(not(bootstrap))] - #95612 needs to be in the bootstrap compiler
+        // for this conditional to be removed.
+        if !target.contains("windows") || compiler.stage >= 1 {
+            if target.contains("linux") || target.contains("windows") {
+                rustflags.arg("-Zunstable-options");
             }
+            match self.config.rust_split_debuginfo {
+                SplitDebuginfo::Packed => rustflags.arg("-Csplit-debuginfo=packed"),
+                SplitDebuginfo::Unpacked => rustflags.arg("-Csplit-debuginfo=unpacked"),
+                SplitDebuginfo::Off => rustflags.arg("-Csplit-debuginfo=off"),
+            };
         }
 
         if self.config.cmd.bless() {
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/config.rs b/src/bootstrap/config.rs
index d7c29f6900a53..f273fb42215e9 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/config.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/config.rs
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ pub struct Config {
     pub rust_debuginfo_level_std: u32,
     pub rust_debuginfo_level_tools: u32,
     pub rust_debuginfo_level_tests: u32,
-    pub rust_run_dsymutil: bool,
+    pub rust_split_debuginfo: SplitDebuginfo,
     pub rust_rpath: bool,
     pub rustc_parallel: bool,
     pub rustc_default_linker: Option<String>,
@@ -221,6 +221,46 @@ impl FromStr for LlvmLibunwind {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub enum SplitDebuginfo {
+    Packed,
+    Unpacked,
+    Off,
+}
+
+impl Default for SplitDebuginfo {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        SplitDebuginfo::Off
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::str::FromStr for SplitDebuginfo {
+    type Err = ();
+
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        match s {
+            "packed" => Ok(SplitDebuginfo::Packed),
+            "unpacked" => Ok(SplitDebuginfo::Unpacked),
+            "off" => Ok(SplitDebuginfo::Off),
+            _ => Err(()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl SplitDebuginfo {
+    /// Returns the default `-Csplit-debuginfo` value for the current target. See the comment for
+    /// `rust.split-debuginfo` in `config.toml.example`.
+    fn default_for_platform(target: &str) -> Self {
+        if target.contains("apple") {
+            SplitDebuginfo::Unpacked
+        } else if target.contains("windows") {
+            SplitDebuginfo::Packed
+        } else {
+            SplitDebuginfo::Off
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
 pub struct TargetSelection {
     pub triple: Interned<String>,
@@ -586,6 +626,7 @@ define_config! {
         debuginfo_level_std: Option<u32> = "debuginfo-level-std",
         debuginfo_level_tools: Option<u32> = "debuginfo-level-tools",
         debuginfo_level_tests: Option<u32> = "debuginfo-level-tests",
+        split_debuginfo: Option<String> = "split-debuginfo",
         run_dsymutil: Option<bool> = "run-dsymutil",
         backtrace: Option<bool> = "backtrace",
         incremental: Option<bool> = "incremental",
@@ -992,7 +1033,12 @@ impl Config {
             debuginfo_level_std = rust.debuginfo_level_std;
             debuginfo_level_tools = rust.debuginfo_level_tools;
             debuginfo_level_tests = rust.debuginfo_level_tests;
-            config.rust_run_dsymutil = rust.run_dsymutil.unwrap_or(false);
+            config.rust_split_debuginfo = rust
+                .split_debuginfo
+                .as_deref()
+                .map(SplitDebuginfo::from_str)
+                .map(|v| v.expect("invalid value for rust.split_debuginfo"))
+                .unwrap_or(SplitDebuginfo::default_for_platform(&config.build.triple));
             optimize = rust.optimize;
             ignore_git = rust.ignore_git;
             config.rust_new_symbol_mangling = rust.new_symbol_mangling;